---
title: 'Gas'
description: 'Understand gas pricing, limits, and optimization strategies for Paxeer Network transactions, with guides for sending transactions using paxd and EVM interfaces.'
keywords: ['gas', 'transaction fees', 'gas optimization', 'paxeer', 'gas limits', 'uhpx']
---

> **For AI agents:** the complete documentation index is at [llms.txt](/llms.txt). Append `.md` to any page URL for its markdown version.

Gas measures the computational effort required to execute a transaction or contract on Paxeer Network. Gas fees are paid in PAX (denominated in `uhpx` on the Cosmos side).

## Key terms and concepts

### Gas

A unit representing the work done to execute a transaction. Gas varies based on operation complexity.

### Gas price

The amount of PAX paid per unit of gas. Set by the user.

### Gas limit

The maximum gas the transaction may consume. If too low, the transaction fails and the full gas limit is consumed.

### Fee

```
Fee = Gas Price × Gas Used
```

The gas limit caps the maximum charge at `Gas Price × Gas Limit`. On Paxeer, excess gas may not be fully refunded, so avoid setting gas limits far above what a transaction needs.

### Maximum gas

Query the maximum gas limit from the RPC node using the `/consensus_params` endpoint.

### Minimum gas price

Paxeer enforces minimum gas prices to prevent spam.

### Max bytes

Each transaction has a maximum size in bytes. Query via `/consensus_params`.

### Max gas for queries

Queries consume gas. The maximum is RPC-specific.

## Sending gas in transactions

### Using `paxd`

With `paxd`, set the fee using the `--fees` flag. Gas limit and gas price use `--gas` and `--gas-prices` respectively.

```sh
paxd tx bank send <from_address> <to_address> <amount> --gas <gas_limit> --gas-prices <gas_price> --fees <fee>
```

### Using EVM (wagmi)

```ts
import { parseEther, parseGwei } from 'viem';
import { sendTransaction } from '@wagmi/core';
import { config } from './config'; // your wagmi config

await sendTransaction(config, {
  to: '0xRecipientAddress',
  value: parseEther('1'), // 1 PAX
  gasPrice: parseGwei('100'), // 100 gwei
  gas: 21000n
});
```

## Optimizing gas for smart contracts

- Minimize storage operations.
- Use fixed-size data structures where possible.
- Avoid unnecessary computations.
- Use events for data that doesn't need on-chain reads.

## Estimating gas prices

Paxeer's EVM RPC exposes standard Ethereum JSON-RPC methods for gas estimation:

- `eth_gasPrice` - current recommended gas price for legacy transactions.
- `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas` - suggested priority fee for EIP-1559 transactions.
- `eth_feeHistory` - recent base fees and priority-fee percentiles.

Query the current gas price on mainnet:

```sh
curl -sS https://public-rpc.paxeer.app/evm/reference \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_gasPrice","params":[],"id":1}'
```

With viem:

```ts
import { createPublicClient, http, defineChain } from 'viem';

const paxeer = defineChain({
  id: 125,
  name: 'Paxeer Network',
  nativeCurrency: { name: 'PAX', symbol: 'PAX', decimals: 18 },
  rpcUrls: {
    default: { http: ['https://public-rpc.paxeer.app/evm/reference'] }
  }
});

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: paxeer,
  transport: http()
});

// Legacy gas price
const gasPrice = await client.getGasPrice();

// EIP-1559 fee suggestion
const { maxFeePerGas, maxPriorityFeePerGas } = await client.estimateFeesPerGas();
```